Alkenes: cis/trans and E/Z

sp2 geometry  ·  C=C 1.34 Å, C(sp2)–C 1.51 Å, C(sp2)–H 1.08 Å, all angles at the double bond 120° ⌂ Home

Pick an alkene

Isomer:

Skeletal drawing (from the 3D model)

Assigning E or Z

Methyl groups are drawn with one C–H eclipsing the C=C bond, the preferred conformation in propene. With ideal 120° angles, cis methyls then collide (red H···H distance); a real (Z)-2-butene opens its C=C–C angles to about 127° to escape, which is part of why it is less stable than the E isomer.
Rank the two groups on each carbon separately (numbered badges: 1 = higher). Higher-priority groups on the same side → Z (zusammen); opposite sides → E (entgegen). The dihedral between the two priority-1 groups is measured in the model: 0° means Z, 180° means E.

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